Wednesday, April 23, 2008
test prep
Well folks, it's about 5 days till the Political parties test. So here's a little tip for you, go over all of the tests. frontwards and backwards. There is no new information that he puts on his tests. All the answers are right there infront of you. I'd recommend studying the review that i posted here. Check that review with the tests, and star whatever is on there. Also i'll be doing that later on, and putting that up here, just to "Help" you guys out! Cause that's what I do, "help" and I appreciate all of the e-mails that you guys send me and thanking me for the notes, study guide etc. If you are so lucky as to be in my classes next semester, then i'll have some sites for it as well! Melody Zanaty <milyn0206@yahoo.com>... That's you're e-mail right? ;)
Monday, April 21, 2008
Political parties Review For the Final!
If you weren't in class, then you missed out on him listing up some key things and terms. He was looking at the final the entire time he was asking us questions. Here is what we talked about today!
--Hannah- Bought the Mickinley election. He sort of invented the outspend your opponent to win the election.
--Van Buren- The Father of Party in the Electorate. He is from NY. Ny Politics defined a new era in party and the electorate.
--La Follette- He invented the party primary. He is from Wisconsin.
-- John Adams- He gave up the reigns of power when he lost the election of 1812. It was important because this was the first loss for the party Adams represented. He set precedent that once you lose you give up the power.
-- Schattscnider- 1950. ( I didn't catch what he did)
-- Hamilton- Invented the electoral college. The leader of one of the first two political parties in the World. There was the Jeffersonians and The Federalists.
-- William Brock- Was the father of service parties. he was the republican who brought the GOP back after the watergate scandal.
-- Tilden- He won the popular vote in 1876, and never became the President. Just like Al Gore!
-- Lincoln- of course we all know what he did. But what did he do here that deals with the class? he was the last 3rd party candidate to win the Presidency.
-- Duverger- Remember duvergers law!
-- William Jennings Bryan- He was a fusion candidate that ran for President.
-- Fusion Candidate- Running on more than one party label.
-- Al Smith- South didn't like Al Smith in the 1920 election, because he was Catholic.
-- John Paul Stevens , Earl Warren, and David Souter- Three examples of Judges with party disloyalty.
-- Freemont- The free soilers, the Free man, and he forgot what the last free thing was.
-- Burke- The Trustee theory, representatives should vote with their conscience, and what is best for everyone.
-- Sanders and Lieberman- both independants that are currently serving in the Senate.
-- Bozo- Big campaign contributor for Nixon.
-- Brown and Buchannan- Brown became second to George Hw. Bush, and Buchanan was second to Clinton. George made the deal with his person for his deegates, but Clinton didn't with his.
-- George Wallace- He was the last 3rd party candidate to win the electoral college
-- 1831- First National Party Conention of the anitmasons.
--1796- First election contested by Political Parties.
--1832- Beginning of the democratic Party. The first Democratic national convention happened at this time.
-- 1800- John Adams steps down. The Federalists set up the precedent that when they lose an election they would step down of power.
--1950- South Carolina adopts the australian ballot. Means that it got rid of the party ballot.
-- 1860- Last time a third party wins the Presidency... Think about it... who was President... I'll give u a hint, Civil War.
--1913- Help create hills committees, 17tth Amendment. Direct election of Senators. Before the reform the party used to pick the senators.
--1974- First post Watergate election. Subcommittees systems. Changes the reflection of money in politics the FECA is developed.
-- 2004- Peak of the independent party.
-- Where do political parties come from?
- factions within the parties
- Labor movements
- Ideological groups
-- 3 types of 3rd parties
- Hinged parties
- Detached parties
- Marginal parties
-- two broad types of Parties
- Cadre parties -- U.S.A. Lead by a few individuals.
- Mass parties -- that's pretty much the rest of the world.
- What are 3 elements that proved that Nicuraugua could be successful democratically?
- Class
- Space
-Parties.
Well we have a week before this test comes along... So maybe... Just maybe, I'll put something more on here, as I continue to study.
--Hannah- Bought the Mickinley election. He sort of invented the outspend your opponent to win the election.
--Van Buren- The Father of Party in the Electorate. He is from NY. Ny Politics defined a new era in party and the electorate.
--La Follette- He invented the party primary. He is from Wisconsin.
-- John Adams- He gave up the reigns of power when he lost the election of 1812. It was important because this was the first loss for the party Adams represented. He set precedent that once you lose you give up the power.
-- Schattscnider- 1950. ( I didn't catch what he did)
-- Hamilton- Invented the electoral college. The leader of one of the first two political parties in the World. There was the Jeffersonians and The Federalists.
-- William Brock- Was the father of service parties. he was the republican who brought the GOP back after the watergate scandal.
-- Tilden- He won the popular vote in 1876, and never became the President. Just like Al Gore!
-- Lincoln- of course we all know what he did. But what did he do here that deals with the class? he was the last 3rd party candidate to win the Presidency.
-- Duverger- Remember duvergers law!
-- William Jennings Bryan- He was a fusion candidate that ran for President.
-- Fusion Candidate- Running on more than one party label.
-- Al Smith- South didn't like Al Smith in the 1920 election, because he was Catholic.
-- John Paul Stevens , Earl Warren, and David Souter- Three examples of Judges with party disloyalty.
-- Freemont- The free soilers, the Free man, and he forgot what the last free thing was.
-- Burke- The Trustee theory, representatives should vote with their conscience, and what is best for everyone.
-- Sanders and Lieberman- both independants that are currently serving in the Senate.
-- Bozo- Big campaign contributor for Nixon.
-- Brown and Buchannan- Brown became second to George Hw. Bush, and Buchanan was second to Clinton. George made the deal with his person for his deegates, but Clinton didn't with his.
-- George Wallace- He was the last 3rd party candidate to win the electoral college
-- 1831- First National Party Conention of the anitmasons.
--1796- First election contested by Political Parties.
--1832- Beginning of the democratic Party. The first Democratic national convention happened at this time.
-- 1800- John Adams steps down. The Federalists set up the precedent that when they lose an election they would step down of power.
--1950- South Carolina adopts the australian ballot. Means that it got rid of the party ballot.
-- 1860- Last time a third party wins the Presidency... Think about it... who was President... I'll give u a hint, Civil War.
--1913- Help create hills committees, 17tth Amendment. Direct election of Senators. Before the reform the party used to pick the senators.
--1974- First post Watergate election. Subcommittees systems. Changes the reflection of money in politics the FECA is developed.
-- 2004- Peak of the independent party.
-- Where do political parties come from?
- factions within the parties
- Labor movements
- Ideological groups
-- 3 types of 3rd parties
- Hinged parties
- Detached parties
- Marginal parties
-- two broad types of Parties
- Cadre parties -- U.S.A. Lead by a few individuals.
- Mass parties -- that's pretty much the rest of the world.
- What are 3 elements that proved that Nicuraugua could be successful democratically?
- Class
- Space
-Parties.
Well we have a week before this test comes along... So maybe... Just maybe, I'll put something more on here, as I continue to study.
100 things I learned from Political Parties class
If you have anything else to add to the list, just let me know, and I'll post it up!
1. What are the three parts of political parties that we all covered throughout the semester?
Party in the government, Party in the electorate, and Party Organizations.
2. Common Culture- A phrase that is most closely related to the concept of a nation.
3. What are the four ways that political parties originate?
Labor movements, Factions within the government, Issues and ideological reasoning, National
liberation movements.
4. What type of minor party, on average, fares best in winner-take-all election systems?
5.Hinge parties- Are most likely to be a centrist party.
6.Marginal Parities- Marginal parties are most ideological extreme.
7. What type of party system does the US have? They have a two party dominant system.
Democrats vs. Republicans.
8. One party systems are the most common party system among the democracies of the world.
9.Parties differ from interest groups because they run candidates under their own label.
10. Mass parties differ from Cadre parties in the likelihood that members must pay dues, they
also have a strict hierarchical organizational structure.
11.Political parties more than interest groups are involved with "government" formation.
12. Lyndon Johnson got to be majority leader, he didn’t waste time trying to get as much power
as possible. He had his entire staff, go out and then try to find some precedent to give him more
power. All that he could find was the right of first recognition.
13. Marginal Parties are ideological from the far left or right, they promote policy positions that
major parties do not address or represent.
14. Multi party systems are less conductive to government stability then to regime stability, two party the opposite. The Regime is the entities and institutions and governments is the people that make it up.
15.Two party Plus system- A common in winner take all systems with considerate cultural
diversity or a federal political arrangement where the "plus" party has a strong regional base. The plus party may be a hinge party, but is more likely to be a detached party.
16.Duvergers Law- Countries with plurality rule elections and single member districts can expect a two party dominant political system. Even though you don't outlaw third party voting people don't want to waste their vote.
17. Election system barriers- If your party got 10-15 percent you have a valid access if not you
require signatures. It is illegal in Florida to make it harder for third party candidates than for
major party.
18.Major Parties Crowd that center. Successful third parties are centrist. if they get a little bit of
success the major parties steal their ideas and incorporate them.
19.Multi- party systems- Most common associated with proportional representation electoral
systems. Governments are often formed based on coalition arrangements. Most common type of party system among democracies of the world.
20.One party System- Common in authoritarian regimes. Often associated former communist
countries of the 2nd World. Party often serves no democratic purpose, except to distribute
patronage.
21. William Brock was the Republican Party strategist that brought the GOP back from the brink of permanent minority party status in the aftermath of Watergate.
22.Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and National Republican senatorial
committee is the name of the Congressional campaign committees.
23. The national, state, and local party organizations prior to the 1960's or 70's were
decentralized from one another.
24. Slating is filling the ballots with a lot of candidates during an election.
25. Democrats were historically the most active and productive at the local level.
26. The Republican party national organization was the first to adapt to the modern/dynamic
electoral environment.
27. A heighten level of electoral competition is a possible explanation for the increased activity
of national party organizations in recent years.
28. The 17th Amendment Ratification caused congressional campaign committees to emerge in
the Senate around 1913.
29. Farm Team approach was used to identify the GOP strategy of recruiting candidates for local offices with an eye toward grooming them to run for higher offices.
30. The GOP tried to repair their image in the aftermath of Watergate by: Increasing recruitment of women candidates, and increased use of talk radio to promote party positions.
31. Roughly hoe many states now have Congressional or legislative campaign committees in
their state legislatures? 40
32. Who was the last presidential contender to run as a fusion candidate, representing two
different political parties? William Jennings Bryan.
33. Wisconsin is a state that still uses a party block ballot design.
34. Florida in 1904 was the State where the first Presidential primary was held.
35.The Senior most member of the Majority party is given the job of the Senate President Pro
Tempore.
36. The term "whip" comes from fox hunting, where there was a man who would hold onto a
whip and whip the hounds.
37. How long are the terms of Florida Judges and Justices? 6 years.
38.The local legislature is the commission, city is a council, is often the revere in Florida.
Executive in the city is mayor, and country is the chairman.
39.Parties offered people jobs through patronage. Some things are social service agencies
provides funeral services, help pay for weddings, etc.
40.Considering Judicial selection processes which of the following represents the most recently
developed method? Non-Partisan Elections.
41. One of the original issue positions of the Democratic parties was working on behalf of the
less privileged, especially for new immigrants
42. De-alignment is the term used for those people who do not align themselves with a major
political party.
43. The last year where a third party candidate received more than a major party candidate was in 1912.
44.Wisconsin and Michigan were two states that claimed to be the birthplace of the GOP.
45. The Father of Political Parties in the electorate was Martin van Buren from NY State. He
wins NY for Andrew Jackson. He organized people to go out and vote.
46. The first national party nominating convention was in 1831.
47. During the writing of the Constitution, Jefferson wasn’t even in the Country, he was actually
in France as the Ambassador under the Article of Confederation.
48. King Caucus- The ways the Presidential candidates were picked. They were picked from the
legislature.
49. The Major Parties in American Party history are the following:
1. The Federalist Party, 1788-1816
2. The Democratic-Republican Party, 1800-1832
3. The Democratic Party, 1832- Present
4. The Whig Party, 1832- 1854
5. The Republican Party, 1854-Present
50. Federalists- Were the champions of a strong national government, it was the first American
political institution to resemble a political party. It wasn’t a full fledged party, mostly strong in
the North East and the Atlantic Seaboard.
51. The Democratic- Republican Party - The leaders were strong proponents of the constitution,
opposed the extreme nationalism of the federalists. They were the party of the small farmers,
workers, and less privileged. People in this party favored authority of the states, Like it’s leaders Thomas Jefferson, had many ideals of the French revolution.
52. Democratic party- They grew out of the Jacksonian wing of the Democratic-Republican
party. It was a popular party in the United States, it opposed business-friendly policies such as
national banking and high Tarriffs. They welcomed new immigrants and opposed nativist
sentiment.
53. The Whig Party- This party had roots in the old Jeffersonian party. Henry Clay and Daniel
Webster stood for legislative supremacy and protested the strong presidency of Andrew Jackson. It had a short life.
54. The Republican Party- Born as the Civil War approached, opposed slavery, was the Party of
the Union, and it inherited the concern for business from the Whigs.
55. 1831, the anti-masons were the first to have a party convention.
56. What was the motivation for the formation of the Whig party? The general dislike of
Andrew Jackson.
57. Andrew Jackson was a soldier, became a general, and then became the first governor of
Florida. He was considered a free spirit, he was unpredictable.
58. Why was the progressive movement successful? Muckraking journalism and media scrutiny
of corruptions sets the agenda. An attentive media was willing to expose everything. They had
charismatic leaders such as T.R. and "fighting" Bob Lafollette. ( T.R. was the Progressive
candidate of 1912, Bob was the candidate for 1916)
59. The Unintended consequences of reform: Public oversight becomes a fertile ground for
corruption in it’s own rights. The merit system has never been comprehensive and has always
been compromised. Direct Democracy takes on some qualities of "mob rule". Ballot access
becomes more difficult preventing 3rd party competition.
60. The biggest barrier to voting is Same day Registration.
61. There are three theories of individual voting behavior is:
Sociological: It is based on demographics of the individual voter, i.e. region, home, etc.
Psychological theory- Based on group affiliations with party asa dominant consideration.
Economic theory- Based on an evaluation of candidate performance and issue positions.(
Sometimes called rational choice) It is not a reference to money, it is based on rational decision
making.
62. Wattenberg argues that the three theories interact: Demographic characteristics lead to
psychological affiliations and biases which modify the evaluation of candidates and issues when
they determine voting.
63. Closed Primaries- They have set registration deadlines, people must join a political part. It’s
the oldest type of Primary, Florida has closed primaries.
64. Semi-Closed Primaries- People must join a party, there will be no registration deadline.
Arguably, the best type of primaries for party organizations.
65. Open Primary- Anyone can vote in either primary, it creates Opportunities for "raiding".
Raiding is when the opposition party goes to the others primary and picks the weakest member of the party that they know they can defeat. Both of the parties are on the same ballot.
66. Semi Open Primary- Independents can still vote, but they must announce your party
preference.
67. Blanket Primary- WA, CA, AK, have had a blanket primary at some time
68. What still goes on at a party convention?
1.Roll call
2. Officially picking the Presidential and VP candidates
3. It is like a big Pep rally, a big infomercial.
4. They write the rules for the next convention, known as a the Rules committee, not like
the ones in congress.
5. Write the party platform/ manifesto.
69. Money and organizations are important to a candidate’s chances, the media tends to pick a
likely winner by tracking the different candidates fund-raising success in the year before the
elections, it’s called an "invisible primary."
70. Front loading makes sure that they pick all of their delegates fast. It gives an extra advantage to the candidates who were front-runners during the invisible primaries.
71. Conventions are no longer common, but they are still used to nominate candidates in a few
states.
72. South Carolina in 1950 was the last State to adopt the Australian ballot.
73. There are 538 Electoral College votes nation-wide. It represents two centers, there are 3 from DC, 435 from the house, and 100 from the Senate.
74. Majority Rule is the type of election that is used to determine the Electoral College winner in
American presidential elections.
75. When is candidate image most likely to trump Party as an explanation for voting behavior? In high profile races.
76. 67 % of the American people believe that there should be a viable third option in elections.
78. The proper Chronological order as it relates to presidential elections:
Primary- in the spring, Convention- Fall, Electoral college- Winter.
79. Brown was the second place finisher in the democratic Party primaries in 1992.
80. The chronological order of candidate selection process:
Caucus, conventions, and primaries.
81. There are 4 types of Judicial Selection in the state for selections:
1. Merit Selection- The Missouri System, uses of nominating commission
2. Non-Partisan elections- The newest form of selection.
3. Partisan Elections
4. Gubernatorial Appointment - Which is the oldest.
82. "Consummate Party Leader" - The founders didn’t want the President to be involved with
parties. They wanted the President to be above it all. But now adays the president is pretty much the Party leader.
83. What are the 4 House leaders? Speaker, Majority leader, Minority leader, Majority and
Minority Whips.
84. Majority leaders and minority leaders are known as the Floor leaders.
85. The Senate Leaders- President of the Senate, President Pro-Tempore, Majority leader,
Minority leader, Majority and Minority whips.
86. Steering and Policy Committee chairs: They are known as the "leaders in waiting", they got
the carrots. They have the Committee assignments, and they have all of the Pork opportunities.
87. Sources of party Leadership-
a. They Garner Media Attention - Informal
b. Control the Agenda- Formal
c. Make Committee assignments- Formal
d. Interest group connections.
88. When a new Congress meets, The Republican party calls their meeting a Conference. The
Democratic party calls their the Caucus.
89. In the 110th Congress, the Speaker was elected by the entire house, and by the Democratic
House Caucus.
90.The House of representatives are stronger than the Senate.
91.Because State legislatures on average, are less "professional" than the US Congress, the State
legislatures fare better. Less professional means that there are less staff, less resources, less office space, and less salary.
92. The main job of the "Campaigner in chief" is the Presidents job to raised a lot of money for
the party.
93. Coattails even without the coat- Presidents can influence the election fortunes of fellow
partisan even when their name is not on the ballot.
94.A responsible party must have a clear stated principle and program that it favors. It also
should run a campaign that clarifies the policy differences between the parties.
95. Since 1951, Republicans have controlled the Senate more often than they have controlled the House.
96.Major Change in the Party in the government: Parties have become more cohesive
Major Change in Party in the electorate: Increase number of Independents
Major change in Party and the organizations: They act more as service parties.
97. The Father of service parties was William Brock.
98. The elected leader of the minority party for a committee is given the title of "Ranking
Member"
99. There are three Supreme Court Justices who had Partisan disloyalty, or was a judge that did
not honor the partisan position of the President: John Paul Stevens, Earl Warren, and David Souter.
100. The base retirement age for Florida Judges and justices is 70 years of age.
1. What are the three parts of political parties that we all covered throughout the semester?
Party in the government, Party in the electorate, and Party Organizations.
2. Common Culture- A phrase that is most closely related to the concept of a nation.
3. What are the four ways that political parties originate?
Labor movements, Factions within the government, Issues and ideological reasoning, National
liberation movements.
4. What type of minor party, on average, fares best in winner-take-all election systems?
5.Hinge parties- Are most likely to be a centrist party.
6.Marginal Parities- Marginal parties are most ideological extreme.
7. What type of party system does the US have? They have a two party dominant system.
Democrats vs. Republicans.
8. One party systems are the most common party system among the democracies of the world.
9.Parties differ from interest groups because they run candidates under their own label.
10. Mass parties differ from Cadre parties in the likelihood that members must pay dues, they
also have a strict hierarchical organizational structure.
11.Political parties more than interest groups are involved with "government" formation.
12. Lyndon Johnson got to be majority leader, he didn’t waste time trying to get as much power
as possible. He had his entire staff, go out and then try to find some precedent to give him more
power. All that he could find was the right of first recognition.
13. Marginal Parties are ideological from the far left or right, they promote policy positions that
major parties do not address or represent.
14. Multi party systems are less conductive to government stability then to regime stability, two party the opposite. The Regime is the entities and institutions and governments is the people that make it up.
15.Two party Plus system- A common in winner take all systems with considerate cultural
diversity or a federal political arrangement where the "plus" party has a strong regional base. The plus party may be a hinge party, but is more likely to be a detached party.
16.Duvergers Law- Countries with plurality rule elections and single member districts can expect a two party dominant political system. Even though you don't outlaw third party voting people don't want to waste their vote.
17. Election system barriers- If your party got 10-15 percent you have a valid access if not you
require signatures. It is illegal in Florida to make it harder for third party candidates than for
major party.
18.Major Parties Crowd that center. Successful third parties are centrist. if they get a little bit of
success the major parties steal their ideas and incorporate them.
19.Multi- party systems- Most common associated with proportional representation electoral
systems. Governments are often formed based on coalition arrangements. Most common type of party system among democracies of the world.
20.One party System- Common in authoritarian regimes. Often associated former communist
countries of the 2nd World. Party often serves no democratic purpose, except to distribute
patronage.
21. William Brock was the Republican Party strategist that brought the GOP back from the brink of permanent minority party status in the aftermath of Watergate.
22.Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and National Republican senatorial
committee is the name of the Congressional campaign committees.
23. The national, state, and local party organizations prior to the 1960's or 70's were
decentralized from one another.
24. Slating is filling the ballots with a lot of candidates during an election.
25. Democrats were historically the most active and productive at the local level.
26. The Republican party national organization was the first to adapt to the modern/dynamic
electoral environment.
27. A heighten level of electoral competition is a possible explanation for the increased activity
of national party organizations in recent years.
28. The 17th Amendment Ratification caused congressional campaign committees to emerge in
the Senate around 1913.
29. Farm Team approach was used to identify the GOP strategy of recruiting candidates for local offices with an eye toward grooming them to run for higher offices.
30. The GOP tried to repair their image in the aftermath of Watergate by: Increasing recruitment of women candidates, and increased use of talk radio to promote party positions.
31. Roughly hoe many states now have Congressional or legislative campaign committees in
their state legislatures? 40
32. Who was the last presidential contender to run as a fusion candidate, representing two
different political parties? William Jennings Bryan.
33. Wisconsin is a state that still uses a party block ballot design.
34. Florida in 1904 was the State where the first Presidential primary was held.
35.The Senior most member of the Majority party is given the job of the Senate President Pro
Tempore.
36. The term "whip" comes from fox hunting, where there was a man who would hold onto a
whip and whip the hounds.
37. How long are the terms of Florida Judges and Justices? 6 years.
38.The local legislature is the commission, city is a council, is often the revere in Florida.
Executive in the city is mayor, and country is the chairman.
39.Parties offered people jobs through patronage. Some things are social service agencies
provides funeral services, help pay for weddings, etc.
40.Considering Judicial selection processes which of the following represents the most recently
developed method? Non-Partisan Elections.
41. One of the original issue positions of the Democratic parties was working on behalf of the
less privileged, especially for new immigrants
42. De-alignment is the term used for those people who do not align themselves with a major
political party.
43. The last year where a third party candidate received more than a major party candidate was in 1912.
44.Wisconsin and Michigan were two states that claimed to be the birthplace of the GOP.
45. The Father of Political Parties in the electorate was Martin van Buren from NY State. He
wins NY for Andrew Jackson. He organized people to go out and vote.
46. The first national party nominating convention was in 1831.
47. During the writing of the Constitution, Jefferson wasn’t even in the Country, he was actually
in France as the Ambassador under the Article of Confederation.
48. King Caucus- The ways the Presidential candidates were picked. They were picked from the
legislature.
49. The Major Parties in American Party history are the following:
1. The Federalist Party, 1788-1816
2. The Democratic-Republican Party, 1800-1832
3. The Democratic Party, 1832- Present
4. The Whig Party, 1832- 1854
5. The Republican Party, 1854-Present
50. Federalists- Were the champions of a strong national government, it was the first American
political institution to resemble a political party. It wasn’t a full fledged party, mostly strong in
the North East and the Atlantic Seaboard.
51. The Democratic- Republican Party - The leaders were strong proponents of the constitution,
opposed the extreme nationalism of the federalists. They were the party of the small farmers,
workers, and less privileged. People in this party favored authority of the states, Like it’s leaders Thomas Jefferson, had many ideals of the French revolution.
52. Democratic party- They grew out of the Jacksonian wing of the Democratic-Republican
party. It was a popular party in the United States, it opposed business-friendly policies such as
national banking and high Tarriffs. They welcomed new immigrants and opposed nativist
sentiment.
53. The Whig Party- This party had roots in the old Jeffersonian party. Henry Clay and Daniel
Webster stood for legislative supremacy and protested the strong presidency of Andrew Jackson. It had a short life.
54. The Republican Party- Born as the Civil War approached, opposed slavery, was the Party of
the Union, and it inherited the concern for business from the Whigs.
55. 1831, the anti-masons were the first to have a party convention.
56. What was the motivation for the formation of the Whig party? The general dislike of
Andrew Jackson.
57. Andrew Jackson was a soldier, became a general, and then became the first governor of
Florida. He was considered a free spirit, he was unpredictable.
58. Why was the progressive movement successful? Muckraking journalism and media scrutiny
of corruptions sets the agenda. An attentive media was willing to expose everything. They had
charismatic leaders such as T.R. and "fighting" Bob Lafollette. ( T.R. was the Progressive
candidate of 1912, Bob was the candidate for 1916)
59. The Unintended consequences of reform: Public oversight becomes a fertile ground for
corruption in it’s own rights. The merit system has never been comprehensive and has always
been compromised. Direct Democracy takes on some qualities of "mob rule". Ballot access
becomes more difficult preventing 3rd party competition.
60. The biggest barrier to voting is Same day Registration.
61. There are three theories of individual voting behavior is:
Sociological: It is based on demographics of the individual voter, i.e. region, home, etc.
Psychological theory- Based on group affiliations with party asa dominant consideration.
Economic theory- Based on an evaluation of candidate performance and issue positions.(
Sometimes called rational choice) It is not a reference to money, it is based on rational decision
making.
62. Wattenberg argues that the three theories interact: Demographic characteristics lead to
psychological affiliations and biases which modify the evaluation of candidates and issues when
they determine voting.
63. Closed Primaries- They have set registration deadlines, people must join a political part. It’s
the oldest type of Primary, Florida has closed primaries.
64. Semi-Closed Primaries- People must join a party, there will be no registration deadline.
Arguably, the best type of primaries for party organizations.
65. Open Primary- Anyone can vote in either primary, it creates Opportunities for "raiding".
Raiding is when the opposition party goes to the others primary and picks the weakest member of the party that they know they can defeat. Both of the parties are on the same ballot.
66. Semi Open Primary- Independents can still vote, but they must announce your party
preference.
67. Blanket Primary- WA, CA, AK, have had a blanket primary at some time
68. What still goes on at a party convention?
1.Roll call
2. Officially picking the Presidential and VP candidates
3. It is like a big Pep rally, a big infomercial.
4. They write the rules for the next convention, known as a the Rules committee, not like
the ones in congress.
5. Write the party platform/ manifesto.
69. Money and organizations are important to a candidate’s chances, the media tends to pick a
likely winner by tracking the different candidates fund-raising success in the year before the
elections, it’s called an "invisible primary."
70. Front loading makes sure that they pick all of their delegates fast. It gives an extra advantage to the candidates who were front-runners during the invisible primaries.
71. Conventions are no longer common, but they are still used to nominate candidates in a few
states.
72. South Carolina in 1950 was the last State to adopt the Australian ballot.
73. There are 538 Electoral College votes nation-wide. It represents two centers, there are 3 from DC, 435 from the house, and 100 from the Senate.
74. Majority Rule is the type of election that is used to determine the Electoral College winner in
American presidential elections.
75. When is candidate image most likely to trump Party as an explanation for voting behavior? In high profile races.
76. 67 % of the American people believe that there should be a viable third option in elections.
78. The proper Chronological order as it relates to presidential elections:
Primary- in the spring, Convention- Fall, Electoral college- Winter.
79. Brown was the second place finisher in the democratic Party primaries in 1992.
80. The chronological order of candidate selection process:
Caucus, conventions, and primaries.
81. There are 4 types of Judicial Selection in the state for selections:
1. Merit Selection- The Missouri System, uses of nominating commission
2. Non-Partisan elections- The newest form of selection.
3. Partisan Elections
4. Gubernatorial Appointment - Which is the oldest.
82. "Consummate Party Leader" - The founders didn’t want the President to be involved with
parties. They wanted the President to be above it all. But now adays the president is pretty much the Party leader.
83. What are the 4 House leaders? Speaker, Majority leader, Minority leader, Majority and
Minority Whips.
84. Majority leaders and minority leaders are known as the Floor leaders.
85. The Senate Leaders- President of the Senate, President Pro-Tempore, Majority leader,
Minority leader, Majority and Minority whips.
86. Steering and Policy Committee chairs: They are known as the "leaders in waiting", they got
the carrots. They have the Committee assignments, and they have all of the Pork opportunities.
87. Sources of party Leadership-
a. They Garner Media Attention - Informal
b. Control the Agenda- Formal
c. Make Committee assignments- Formal
d. Interest group connections.
88. When a new Congress meets, The Republican party calls their meeting a Conference. The
Democratic party calls their the Caucus.
89. In the 110th Congress, the Speaker was elected by the entire house, and by the Democratic
House Caucus.
90.The House of representatives are stronger than the Senate.
91.Because State legislatures on average, are less "professional" than the US Congress, the State
legislatures fare better. Less professional means that there are less staff, less resources, less office space, and less salary.
92. The main job of the "Campaigner in chief" is the Presidents job to raised a lot of money for
the party.
93. Coattails even without the coat- Presidents can influence the election fortunes of fellow
partisan even when their name is not on the ballot.
94.A responsible party must have a clear stated principle and program that it favors. It also
should run a campaign that clarifies the policy differences between the parties.
95. Since 1951, Republicans have controlled the Senate more often than they have controlled the House.
96.Major Change in the Party in the government: Parties have become more cohesive
Major Change in Party in the electorate: Increase number of Independents
Major change in Party and the organizations: They act more as service parties.
97. The Father of service parties was William Brock.
98. The elected leader of the minority party for a committee is given the title of "Ranking
Member"
99. There are three Supreme Court Justices who had Partisan disloyalty, or was a judge that did
not honor the partisan position of the President: John Paul Stevens, Earl Warren, and David Souter.
100. The base retirement age for Florida Judges and justices is 70 years of age.
Monday, April 14, 2008
Notes From Monday April 14th, 2008
House leaders
-Speaker - "elected by the entire house"
- Majority leader- The right of first recognition
- Minority leader- "Speaker in waiting"
-Majority and minority whips
( who gets what, when, and how? --- Defines politics by Laslow)
(Majority leader and minority leaders are known as the Floor Leaders)
House leaders- Speaker, Majority leader, minority leader, and majority and minority leaders.
Senate Leaders
- President of the Senate
- President Pro-tempore - "Elected by the entire Senate"
- Majority Leader - " The right of first recognition"
- Minority leader
- Majority and Minority whips
Steering and Policy Committee chairs
a. " Leaders in waiting"
b. "They got the carrots"
I. Committee assignments
II. Pork Opportunities.
( Every class he seemed to emphasized what session of Congress we were in... It's the 110th session of Congress. The first congressional session started in 1789)
Sources of Party leadership
Power in Congress
a. Garner Media attention - Informal
b. Control the agenda
c. Make committee assignments
( B and C are Formal)
d. Interest group connections.
Leadership selection
a. Electroal safety- Where the person is elected so often, and gains seniority, means that the elections is an easy win!
b. Party loyalty
c. Apprenticeships
d. Skills
I. Media Savvy
II. Parlimentary procedure
III. coalition builder
e. political capital.
Hey good luck on studying for the fifth test...
-Speaker - "elected by the entire house"
- Majority leader- The right of first recognition
- Minority leader- "Speaker in waiting"
-Majority and minority whips
( who gets what, when, and how? --- Defines politics by Laslow)
(Majority leader and minority leaders are known as the Floor Leaders)
House leaders- Speaker, Majority leader, minority leader, and majority and minority leaders.
Senate Leaders
- President of the Senate
- President Pro-tempore - "Elected by the entire Senate"
- Majority Leader - " The right of first recognition"
- Minority leader
- Majority and Minority whips
Steering and Policy Committee chairs
a. " Leaders in waiting"
b. "They got the carrots"
I. Committee assignments
II. Pork Opportunities.
( Every class he seemed to emphasized what session of Congress we were in... It's the 110th session of Congress. The first congressional session started in 1789)
Sources of Party leadership
Power in Congress
a. Garner Media attention - Informal
b. Control the agenda
c. Make committee assignments
( B and C are Formal)
d. Interest group connections.
Leadership selection
a. Electroal safety- Where the person is elected so often, and gains seniority, means that the elections is an easy win!
b. Party loyalty
c. Apprenticeships
d. Skills
I. Media Savvy
II. Parlimentary procedure
III. coalition builder
e. political capital.
Hey good luck on studying for the fifth test...
Notes from Friday April 11th, 2008
Muting Party in the Bureacracy
- Civil Services hiring practices
- Careerists
-Professionalism - Via education and experience
Party in Congress
"Party defines leadership"
- Speaker - Elected by the entire house
( Speaker doesn't have to be a member of the house)
House leaders
- Majority leader
- Minority leader- "Speaker in waiting"
- Majority and minority whips
- Civil Services hiring practices
- Careerists
-Professionalism - Via education and experience
Party in Congress
"Party defines leadership"
- Speaker - Elected by the entire house
( Speaker doesn't have to be a member of the house)
House leaders
- Majority leader
- Minority leader- "Speaker in waiting"
- Majority and minority whips
Thursday, April 10, 2008
Notes from Wednesday 9th, 2008
*artisan Roles of the President
- Chief Initiator of party's legislative agenda
- Informally selects the national committee chair
(Nation CC is which part of party? Party Organization)
- White House liasons often direct National Committee activites
( 3 parts of party organization - Local, state, national)
{Relationship between local and state organization? not coopertive, decentralized}
(What is the size of teh white house staff? The President Staff?)
- Chief Fund raiser for the party
Limit on the President as Party leader:
- Varied constituencies
a. Party
b. Bureacratic leaders
c. Congress
d. World Community
e. Public
Party and the Bureacracy
"Partonage is still alive"
- Sub- governments and the "revolving door"
( Subgovernment- 3 parts .... 1. Interest groups, 2. Bureacrats, 3. Legislative....
How policy is made "Iron triangle)
-Turnover of bureacratic personal with new executive and majority party in Congress
- Nearly 100% of promotion same partisan (81 % in the nixon years)
- The Role of the White House Personnel office.
- Chief Initiator of party's legislative agenda
- Informally selects the national committee chair
(Nation CC is which part of party? Party Organization)
- White House liasons often direct National Committee activites
( 3 parts of party organization - Local, state, national)
{Relationship between local and state organization? not coopertive, decentralized}
(What is the size of teh white house staff? The President Staff?)
- Chief Fund raiser for the party
Limit on the President as Party leader:
- Varied constituencies
a. Party
b. Bureacratic leaders
c. Congress
d. World Community
e. Public
Party and the Bureacracy
"Partonage is still alive"
- Sub- governments and the "revolving door"
( Subgovernment- 3 parts .... 1. Interest groups, 2. Bureacrats, 3. Legislative....
How policy is made "Iron triangle)
-Turnover of bureacratic personal with new executive and majority party in Congress
- Nearly 100% of promotion same partisan (81 % in the nixon years)
- The Role of the White House Personnel office.
Notes From Monday April 7th, 2008
Party in the Courts Contd
- Redistricting - Some states have reformed this like IOWA, that gets the Courts involved. There are a couple of states that draw lines of redistricting.
- Partisan judicial elections in some states
( The partisan elections are the most political, second gubernatorial selections, 3rd mayoral)
Blocking Partisan Judicial Behavior
- Stare Decisis- Let the decision stand. The tendency for Courts to follow precedent (it's a norm)
- Legalese - Fancy lawyer talk, Initial reason is to create writing without loopholes, so that it can't be interpreted the wrong way.
- The appeals process
Partisan Disloyalty on the High Court
- John Paul Stevens
- David Souter
-Earl Warren
Party and the President
"Consummate Party Leader"
- The founders didn't want the President to be involved with parties. Wanted the President to be above it all. But now adays the President is Pretty much the party leader.
- Redistricting - Some states have reformed this like IOWA, that gets the Courts involved. There are a couple of states that draw lines of redistricting.
- Partisan judicial elections in some states
( The partisan elections are the most political, second gubernatorial selections, 3rd mayoral)
Blocking Partisan Judicial Behavior
- Stare Decisis- Let the decision stand. The tendency for Courts to follow precedent (it's a norm)
- Legalese - Fancy lawyer talk, Initial reason is to create writing without loopholes, so that it can't be interpreted the wrong way.
- The appeals process
Partisan Disloyalty on the High Court
- John Paul Stevens
- David Souter
-Earl Warren
Party and the President
"Consummate Party Leader"
- The founders didn't want the President to be involved with parties. Wanted the President to be above it all. But now adays the President is Pretty much the party leader.
Notes from class Friday April 4th, 2008
Party in the Courts
"Judicial Selection"
4 types ( in the State for selection)
1. Merit Selection - The Missouri System, Uses of nominating commission
2. Non-Partisan Elections (2nd)
3. Partisan Elections
4. Gubernatorial Appointment - Oldest
Judicial Selection in Election
1. Nominating Commissions selected by the govenor, leaders of the legislative branch, and The Florida Bar.
2. When the vacancy occurs in the appellat courts the governor choses from a list of 3 to 6 people provided b the nominating commission.
3. Use of retention elections
4. Voters within the jurisdiction of trial courts and county courts currently have thee option of merit slection or non partisan elections.
( How long are the terms for Florida judges? 6 years)
( Retention elections are for the top courts, What's the age limit? 70)
Party in the Courts
Part II
- The Partisanship of the Apponting President best productive voting behavior of Federal Judges
Evidence of party in the Judiciary
- 90% of appointmens, today, are based on Partisanship
- Diminished role of "Senatorial Courtesy"
( Senatorial Courtesy- If there is a Vacancy in the state, the Senior Senator from the state would tell the President who to pick)
- Bush v. Gore
- When the courts have been involved in redistricting the lives have been equally partisan-based.
"Judicial Selection"
4 types ( in the State for selection)
1. Merit Selection - The Missouri System, Uses of nominating commission
2. Non-Partisan Elections (2nd)
3. Partisan Elections
4. Gubernatorial Appointment - Oldest
Judicial Selection in Election
1. Nominating Commissions selected by the govenor, leaders of the legislative branch, and The Florida Bar.
2. When the vacancy occurs in the appellat courts the governor choses from a list of 3 to 6 people provided b the nominating commission.
3. Use of retention elections
4. Voters within the jurisdiction of trial courts and county courts currently have thee option of merit slection or non partisan elections.
( How long are the terms for Florida judges? 6 years)
( Retention elections are for the top courts, What's the age limit? 70)
Party in the Courts
Part II
- The Partisanship of the Apponting President best productive voting behavior of Federal Judges
Evidence of party in the Judiciary
- 90% of appointmens, today, are based on Partisanship
- Diminished role of "Senatorial Courtesy"
( Senatorial Courtesy- If there is a Vacancy in the state, the Senior Senator from the state would tell the President who to pick)
- Bush v. Gore
- When the courts have been involved in redistricting the lives have been equally partisan-based.
Friday, March 28, 2008
Notes from Friday March 28th , 2008
Money and elections
"3 Distinct Phases"
Phase 1 (1790's -1880's)
- Money suppliments party activites
- The partisan parties
Phase 2 (1880's-1950's)
( believed to be the most corrupt, where the person with the most money, has the ability to buy the presidency)
- Limited number of campaign contributiors attempts are made to out-rais and out-spend the opponent.
- Mark Hanna - Help buy the presidency for some president I forgot the name of.
- Bebe Rebozo- Helped Nixon with his campaigns, giving him loads of money to win the presidency.
( This was the ERA before the FECA)
Phase 3 (1960's- present)
-Media centered elections
- Professional candidate centered campaigns
-Pollsters, media gurus, fund-raising experts
- Costs of campaigns sky rocketed.
( it's understandable that the cost of campaigns increased, because due to the advancement of technology, now the candidates have to pay more to get more coverage through the media. I'm sure you'll be able to remember this phase... 1960's- Present... all about the advancement of the MEDIA!)
Factors Driving increased Campaign spending
"Top Ten"
( he said that it's not the real top ten, it's just his TOP TEN)
Top Ten factors driving up the cost of American elections:
1. Tv
2. Private Consulting
3. New Technologies
4. Primary Elections
5. Set terms
6. Uncertainty ( I don't get this, I guess because when a candidate isn't certain about winning a campaign, due to polls, they just spend more money trying to get his face or her face out there!)
7. Inflation
8. Population growth
9. More money available
10. Strategic spending to discourage challengers.
Here are some tips for the test, that's the He gave us in class!
Also I'll put some HW questions on here!
- Alot of specifics of Electoral College
- Different Types of elections in the Electoral College
- Voting behavior - Specific Primaries
- Psychological theory, socio, economical theory.
- Beyond partisanship
- Different phases
- Timing of the Presidential Election cycle.
- Irony of the party. ( People don't mind voting for the Independent parties, but they won't due to Duvergers law)
- Candidates selection . The first way candidates were picked? Through caucuses, after that they moved to conventions, then they moved onto the primaries, which first started as closed primaries, and then some states adopted the open primaries.
Later on, i'll put up the hw so you can review it on here too... allright Hope all of my hard work, has helped you all in the long run!
"3 Distinct Phases"
Phase 1 (1790's -1880's)
- Money suppliments party activites
- The partisan parties
Phase 2 (1880's-1950's)
( believed to be the most corrupt, where the person with the most money, has the ability to buy the presidency)
- Limited number of campaign contributiors attempts are made to out-rais and out-spend the opponent.
- Mark Hanna - Help buy the presidency for some president I forgot the name of.
- Bebe Rebozo- Helped Nixon with his campaigns, giving him loads of money to win the presidency.
( This was the ERA before the FECA)
Phase 3 (1960's- present)
-Media centered elections
- Professional candidate centered campaigns
-Pollsters, media gurus, fund-raising experts
- Costs of campaigns sky rocketed.
( it's understandable that the cost of campaigns increased, because due to the advancement of technology, now the candidates have to pay more to get more coverage through the media. I'm sure you'll be able to remember this phase... 1960's- Present... all about the advancement of the MEDIA!)
Factors Driving increased Campaign spending
"Top Ten"
( he said that it's not the real top ten, it's just his TOP TEN)
Top Ten factors driving up the cost of American elections:
1. Tv
2. Private Consulting
3. New Technologies
4. Primary Elections
5. Set terms
6. Uncertainty ( I don't get this, I guess because when a candidate isn't certain about winning a campaign, due to polls, they just spend more money trying to get his face or her face out there!)
7. Inflation
8. Population growth
9. More money available
10. Strategic spending to discourage challengers.
Here are some tips for the test, that's the He gave us in class!
Also I'll put some HW questions on here!
- Alot of specifics of Electoral College
- Different Types of elections in the Electoral College
- Voting behavior - Specific Primaries
- Psychological theory, socio, economical theory.
- Beyond partisanship
- Different phases
- Timing of the Presidential Election cycle.
- Irony of the party. ( People don't mind voting for the Independent parties, but they won't due to Duvergers law)
- Candidates selection . The first way candidates were picked? Through caucuses, after that they moved to conventions, then they moved onto the primaries, which first started as closed primaries, and then some states adopted the open primaries.
Later on, i'll put up the hw so you can review it on here too... allright Hope all of my hard work, has helped you all in the long run!
Notes from Wednesday March 26th, 2008
- What still goes on at a Party Convention?
1. Roll call
2. Officially picking the Presidential and VP candidates.
3. It is like a big Pep rally, a big infomercial.
4. They write the rules for the next convention, Known as the Rules committee, not like the ones in Congress
5. Write the party platform/ manifesto.
-Money and organizations are important to a candidate’s chances, the media tendss to pick a likely winner by tracking the different candidates fund-raising success in the year before the election, it’s called an "Invisible Primary."
- Front loading makes sure that they pick all of their delegates fast. It gives an extra advantage to the candidates who were front-runners during the invisible primaries.
- What did we learn from table 10.1 from the book? Look into that.
Blanket Primary
-WA, CA, AK, have had a blanket primary at some time
- Pick your favorite primary candidate from either party.
Non Partisan Primary
-Only in LA
- Like a blanket primary without party labels
- The general elections is the run-off
-can result in two DEMs or two GOP’s in the general election.
Presidential Primaries
"Selecting delegates to the national Conventions"
A mismatch of rules.
- DeMS often use proportional Rule process
- GOP mostly uses plurality rule
- Different formulas have been used to determine the number of delegates that will represent each state
- Super delegates add to the confusion.
1. Roll call
2. Officially picking the Presidential and VP candidates.
3. It is like a big Pep rally, a big infomercial.
4. They write the rules for the next convention, Known as the Rules committee, not like the ones in Congress
5. Write the party platform/ manifesto.
-Money and organizations are important to a candidate’s chances, the media tendss to pick a likely winner by tracking the different candidates fund-raising success in the year before the election, it’s called an "Invisible Primary."
- Front loading makes sure that they pick all of their delegates fast. It gives an extra advantage to the candidates who were front-runners during the invisible primaries.
- What did we learn from table 10.1 from the book? Look into that.
Blanket Primary
-WA, CA, AK, have had a blanket primary at some time
- Pick your favorite primary candidate from either party.
Non Partisan Primary
-Only in LA
- Like a blanket primary without party labels
- The general elections is the run-off
-can result in two DEMs or two GOP’s in the general election.
Presidential Primaries
"Selecting delegates to the national Conventions"
A mismatch of rules.
- DeMS often use proportional Rule process
- GOP mostly uses plurality rule
- Different formulas have been used to determine the number of delegates that will represent each state
- Super delegates add to the confusion.
Thursday, March 27, 2008
Hey everyone
Hey, listen, tomorrow I'll have the notes for Wednesday and Friday of this week. So just check back later on Friday night. And if you have any questions ever in the future, for anything else just e-mail me at le0dude@yahoo.com
good luck on the test everyone! and study hard. I'm actually going to be out of my mind on Monday , cause I have both Political parties and also Congress test on teh same day. Plus I won't be getting home until 2 AM Monday Morning, leaving me only 5 and a half hours to test time! Why am i going to out so late Sunday night you may ask? Well for one reason only. I'm going to be going to Wrestlemania XXIV. It's going to be awesome, and worth it! I'll be a part of history!
good luck on the test everyone! and study hard. I'm actually going to be out of my mind on Monday , cause I have both Political parties and also Congress test on teh same day. Plus I won't be getting home until 2 AM Monday Morning, leaving me only 5 and a half hours to test time! Why am i going to out so late Sunday night you may ask? Well for one reason only. I'm going to be going to Wrestlemania XXIV. It's going to be awesome, and worth it! I'll be a part of history!
Monday, March 24, 2008
Monday Class notes March 24, 2008
MSC
- By 1917 all but four states had some types of primary
- In 1968 only about one third of the states held Presidential primaries
- The number of states holding primaries has been in constant flux in recent years
Primary elections
6 different types
-Closed Primaries:
- Set registration deadline
-Must join a political party
-Oldest type of primary
- Florida’s type
-Semi- Close Primaries
- Still must join a party
- No registration deadline
- Arguably, the best type of primaries for party organizations
-Open Primary
- Anyone can vote in either primary
- Creates opportunities for "raiding"
( Raiding - If you are a Republican, you go and pick the weakest Democrat that you know could be easily defeated by the Republican party)
- Both parties on the same ballot
-Semi Open
- Independents can still vote
- Must announce your party preference
-Blanket Primary
- WA, CA, AK, Have had a blanket primary at some time
- Pick your favorite primary candidate from either party.
- By 1917 all but four states had some types of primary
- In 1968 only about one third of the states held Presidential primaries
- The number of states holding primaries has been in constant flux in recent years
Primary elections
6 different types
-Closed Primaries:
- Set registration deadline
-Must join a political party
-Oldest type of primary
- Florida’s type
-Semi- Close Primaries
- Still must join a party
- No registration deadline
- Arguably, the best type of primaries for party organizations
-Open Primary
- Anyone can vote in either primary
- Creates opportunities for "raiding"
( Raiding - If you are a Republican, you go and pick the weakest Democrat that you know could be easily defeated by the Republican party)
- Both parties on the same ballot
-Semi Open
- Independents can still vote
- Must announce your party preference
-Blanket Primary
- WA, CA, AK, Have had a blanket primary at some time
- Pick your favorite primary candidate from either party.
Class Notes Friday March 21, 2008
Different elections used.
-Me and Ne and proportional rep
-Remaining states uses plurality rule
-Electoral college uses majority rule
Institutional arrangements
-Senate does the counting of sealed ballots
-(VP) was the one who has the power to open up the sealed ballots
-House chooses the winner if no candidates has a majority
- Each sates gets one vote
(the sate party organization prick the electoral college. They are going to be using plurality elections also known as the winner take all)
Possible reforms
-Make it law that they have to vote the way they pledge
- If no on e else gets a majority they have a second round.
- Direct election by majority rule
Party Primary History
-A Few Firs:
- Firs Direct Primary - democrats in Crawfords County PA in 1843
-First mandatory state wide primary - Minnesota in 1901
- First presidential Primary - Florida in 1904
-Me and Ne and proportional rep
-Remaining states uses plurality rule
-Electoral college uses majority rule
Institutional arrangements
-Senate does the counting of sealed ballots
-(VP) was the one who has the power to open up the sealed ballots
-House chooses the winner if no candidates has a majority
- Each sates gets one vote
(the sate party organization prick the electoral college. They are going to be using plurality elections also known as the winner take all)
Possible reforms
-Make it law that they have to vote the way they pledge
- If no on e else gets a majority they have a second round.
- Direct election by majority rule
Party Primary History
-A Few Firs:
- Firs Direct Primary - democrats in Crawfords County PA in 1843
-First mandatory state wide primary - Minnesota in 1901
- First presidential Primary - Florida in 1904
Notes From March 19th, 2008
Different Types of Legislation
"At least Four Tests"
Bills:
-House of Reps or Senate then the number
-Create statutory law
- Can be public or Private (affects only a single person)
Joint Resolutions
- H.J Res or S.J. Res
-Same as bills expect the J. Res to amend the constitution
-Continuing resolutions are types of J. Res
Concurrent resoultions
-H. Con Res, or Sen. Con Res
- Used to fix adjournement dates and congressional operation budget
Resolution
-H. Res or Sen. Res
- Matters within the purview of one chamber
- "Special Rules" From the Rules Committee in the House of Rep are Resolutions
(Picking a chaplan for ex)
Generalities:
-Today Roughly equal amounts of legislation are submitted in each chamber.
-The Two chambers cannot act on the same bill at the same time
-All legislation must be sponsered by a member
-legislation is numbers in the order it is reveived
House
- Drop it in the "hopper"
-territorial Delegates an the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico can sponsor legislation, but not the president of the US
-Some speaker discretion in committee assignment
Senate
-One must gain the "Floor" or the recognition of the presiding officer (stand up)
- New legislative initiative is announced
-Any senator can object and delay the announcement.Type of Committee referral (next class)
- What percentage of all bills making it to referral are received become law? 10%
- Split referral is the most devious (less than 1% become law)
Single Referral (90%)
-Entire bill sent to a single committee
-Preferred by the sponsor of the legislation
Joint Referral (4%)
-Same bill sent to multiple committees
- has been done to try and speed things up, but it is just as likely a dilatory maneuver
Split Referral (4%)
-Bill is broken up and sent to multiple commuttees
-Bill is still known by a single #, so if any part is rejected the whole bill is dead
-Probably the least favorite alternative from the view point of sponsors
(Bills and joint reolutions are laws)
"At least Four Tests"
Bills:
-House of Reps or Senate then the number
-Create statutory law
- Can be public or Private (affects only a single person)
Joint Resolutions
- H.J Res or S.J. Res
-Same as bills expect the J. Res to amend the constitution
-Continuing resolutions are types of J. Res
Concurrent resoultions
-H. Con Res, or Sen. Con Res
- Used to fix adjournement dates and congressional operation budget
Resolution
-H. Res or Sen. Res
- Matters within the purview of one chamber
- "Special Rules" From the Rules Committee in the House of Rep are Resolutions
(Picking a chaplan for ex)
Generalities:
-Today Roughly equal amounts of legislation are submitted in each chamber.
-The Two chambers cannot act on the same bill at the same time
-All legislation must be sponsered by a member
-legislation is numbers in the order it is reveived
House
- Drop it in the "hopper"
-territorial Delegates an the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico can sponsor legislation, but not the president of the US
-Some speaker discretion in committee assignment
Senate
-One must gain the "Floor" or the recognition of the presiding officer (stand up)
- New legislative initiative is announced
-Any senator can object and delay the announcement.Type of Committee referral (next class)
- What percentage of all bills making it to referral are received become law? 10%
- Split referral is the most devious (less than 1% become law)
Single Referral (90%)
-Entire bill sent to a single committee
-Preferred by the sponsor of the legislation
Joint Referral (4%)
-Same bill sent to multiple committees
- has been done to try and speed things up, but it is just as likely a dilatory maneuver
Split Referral (4%)
-Bill is broken up and sent to multiple commuttees
-Bill is still known by a single #, so if any part is rejected the whole bill is dead
-Probably the least favorite alternative from the view point of sponsors
(Bills and joint reolutions are laws)
Friday, March 21, 2008
Hey Folks
The notes for March 19th, and Fridays March 21st notes will be up by tonight... so if your checking in, just check it out later on tonight... Cause i'm waiting for Wednesdays notes... cause I missed Wednesdays class... have no fear!
Monday, March 17, 2008
Notes From Class...March 17th, 2008
Individual Level voting behavior
Three Primary Theories:
1. Sociological- Based on the demographics of the individual voter i.e. region, income, etc.
(1st Florida Primary ( Presidential) 1901, it was for the 1904 Presidential election)
2. Psychological- Based on group affiliations with party as a dominant consideration
3. Economic - Based on an evaluation of candidate performance and issue positions. ( Sometimes called rational choice) It is not a reference to money, it is based on rational decision making.
Wattenberg argues that the three theories interact:
Demographic characteristics lead to Psychological affiliations and biases which modify the Evaluation of Candidates and issues when determine voting.
BEYOND PARTISANSHIP
- Candidate image - " Character evaluations"
(Part of the economic theory)
- Most relevant in high profile races such as Presidential races
-Influence voter Turnout
( Polls showed that 51% of the people would vote no on Amendment 1. It was actually 60% yes, 40% no. The pollsters had a theory that the people were lying to the pollsters about what they would vote. But they didn’t take into account all of the Independents and the fact that the Democrats weren’t campaigning at the time!)
( Why do Florida Legislators let the people decide on "high speed rails". They do that so that when the legislation goes sour, there is only the people to blame for it! Because the people vote on it, and when it goes south, then the legislators won’t be blamed for it!)
Party Image:
-Considerable regional variation
- Retrospective judgements are more widely used
Issues:
- Pro-life, anti-gun control, and retrospective economic judgements are three issues positions that explain a measurable amount of voting behavior.
IRONIES OF PARTY IN THE ELECTORATE
1. On the one hand:
-67% of the people say they believe that there should be a viable third voting option ( from the NES of 2002)
2. On the other hand:
-ON election day, third party voting averages around 3%
3. On the one hand:
- It is common for people to complain that there is no difference in the parties
4. On the other hand:
- GOP control is statistically linked to lower taxes and less social welfare
Three Primary Theories:
1. Sociological- Based on the demographics of the individual voter i.e. region, income, etc.
(1st Florida Primary ( Presidential) 1901, it was for the 1904 Presidential election)
2. Psychological- Based on group affiliations with party as a dominant consideration
3. Economic - Based on an evaluation of candidate performance and issue positions. ( Sometimes called rational choice) It is not a reference to money, it is based on rational decision making.
Wattenberg argues that the three theories interact:
Demographic characteristics lead to Psychological affiliations and biases which modify the Evaluation of Candidates and issues when determine voting.
BEYOND PARTISANSHIP
- Candidate image - " Character evaluations"
(Part of the economic theory)
- Most relevant in high profile races such as Presidential races
-Influence voter Turnout
( Polls showed that 51% of the people would vote no on Amendment 1. It was actually 60% yes, 40% no. The pollsters had a theory that the people were lying to the pollsters about what they would vote. But they didn’t take into account all of the Independents and the fact that the Democrats weren’t campaigning at the time!)
( Why do Florida Legislators let the people decide on "high speed rails". They do that so that when the legislation goes sour, there is only the people to blame for it! Because the people vote on it, and when it goes south, then the legislators won’t be blamed for it!)
Party Image:
-Considerable regional variation
- Retrospective judgements are more widely used
Issues:
- Pro-life, anti-gun control, and retrospective economic judgements are three issues positions that explain a measurable amount of voting behavior.
IRONIES OF PARTY IN THE ELECTORATE
1. On the one hand:
-67% of the people say they believe that there should be a viable third voting option ( from the NES of 2002)
2. On the other hand:
-ON election day, third party voting averages around 3%
3. On the one hand:
- It is common for people to complain that there is no difference in the parties
4. On the other hand:
- GOP control is statistically linked to lower taxes and less social welfare
Monday, March 3, 2008
Notes, March 3 2008
Progressive Eras and Reform
Beyond the Australian Ballot- Other progressive era reforms
- Commission form of oversight developed for local governments. ( Has a director who handles each part, such as Commissioner of Sanitation, water, etc)
-City Managers - non partisans public administrator
-17th and 19th Amendment
Why was the progressive movement successful?
-Muckraking journalism and media scrutiny of corruption sets the agenda ( HE said to remember it in you own words, It means that an attentive media is willing to expose things)
- Charismatic leaders - T.R. and “fighting” Bob LaFollette. ( T.R. Progressive candidate of 1912, Bob was the candidate of 1916)
- Healthy amounts of partisan conflict.
-galvanizing events like Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” and the election of 1912.
The slow and steady pace of reform.
Unintended consequences of reform.
-Public oversight becomes a fertile ground for corruption in it’s own rights
-merit system has never been comprehensive and has always been compromised
- Direct democracy takes on some qualities of “mob rule’
- Ballot access becomes more difficult preventing 3rd party competition.
DEMS AND GOPS
“Issue w/some staying Power”
GOP
-Focus on individualism with tacit opposition to collective identity.
-nationalism - especially nativism
- commitment to “divine truths”
- Lincoln and the “Natural rights of Man”
- In the modern era the US was predestined to be a super power.
-Traditional moral values
-anti-slavery
-Opposition to polygamy
-Just say “no”
-Opposition to gay marriage.
DEMS
-More open to new immigration
-Support for agriculture
-Historically , the plantation economy and small Western farms
- Today, subsidization of ethanol production
-Support for civil liberties and less national government involvement in citizens personal lives
- Identification w/ the working class
- Embrace religious pluralism
( What is the biggest barrier to voting? Same Day Registration)
Well the test is tomorrow! He said to pretty much focus, and you’ll do fine! I’m sorry for this test, because I didn’t have enough time to get everything done. But by next time for the next test, I’ll be able to get it done, and get more notes and better preparedness for a test!
Beyond the Australian Ballot- Other progressive era reforms
- Commission form of oversight developed for local governments. ( Has a director who handles each part, such as Commissioner of Sanitation, water, etc)
-City Managers - non partisans public administrator
-17th and 19th Amendment
Why was the progressive movement successful?
-Muckraking journalism and media scrutiny of corruption sets the agenda ( HE said to remember it in you own words, It means that an attentive media is willing to expose things)
- Charismatic leaders - T.R. and “fighting” Bob LaFollette. ( T.R. Progressive candidate of 1912, Bob was the candidate of 1916)
- Healthy amounts of partisan conflict.
-galvanizing events like Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” and the election of 1912.
The slow and steady pace of reform.
Unintended consequences of reform.
-Public oversight becomes a fertile ground for corruption in it’s own rights
-merit system has never been comprehensive and has always been compromised
- Direct democracy takes on some qualities of “mob rule’
- Ballot access becomes more difficult preventing 3rd party competition.
DEMS AND GOPS
“Issue w/some staying Power”
GOP
-Focus on individualism with tacit opposition to collective identity.
-nationalism - especially nativism
- commitment to “divine truths”
- Lincoln and the “Natural rights of Man”
- In the modern era the US was predestined to be a super power.
-Traditional moral values
-anti-slavery
-Opposition to polygamy
-Just say “no”
-Opposition to gay marriage.
DEMS
-More open to new immigration
-Support for agriculture
-Historically , the plantation economy and small Western farms
- Today, subsidization of ethanol production
-Support for civil liberties and less national government involvement in citizens personal lives
- Identification w/ the working class
- Embrace religious pluralism
( What is the biggest barrier to voting? Same Day Registration)
Well the test is tomorrow! He said to pretty much focus, and you’ll do fine! I’m sorry for this test, because I didn’t have enough time to get everything done. But by next time for the next test, I’ll be able to get it done, and get more notes and better preparedness for a test!
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
Notes from Wednesdays Class FEB 27,2008
Democratic – Republican
1816-1828
- One party rule
- Jacksonian/van Buren v.s. Clay/Calhoun. Spells the demise.
(Era of good feelings)
Whigs vs. Democrats
1829-1860
- Era of very effective party convention
(1831, anti-masons, were the first to have a party convention)
- Conscience vs Cotton spells the demise of the Whigs.
(The Father of political parties – Martin Van Buren)
[Era of stump speeches and Bandwagons]
What was the motivation for the formation of the Whig party?
The general dislike of Andrew Jackson.
[Andrew Jackson was a soldier, became a general, and then became the first governor of Florida. He was considered a free spirit, he was unpredictable]
- The Whig party was formed to represent the capitalist class.
- 2 states claim to be the birth place of the Republican Party.
o Jackson Michigan, and Ripon Wisconsin
- Year 1854, was when the first Republican convention was helped.
- What were free soilers about? They thought that the government should give the land in the western territories to the people for free!
-1860 it’s a free for all for political parties. There are the North/South Democrats, there are the Republicans, the free soilers, etc.
Democrats vs Republicans
1861-1896
- Extreme partisan era
- Two parties alternate control of Congress
-Economic Panic in 1893 and Democratic Split between populists and Party elite spell their demise.
(Era of Carpet Baggers)
- Most of the Democrats were split at the time, so the Republicans of the north moved down South, and easily won elections down South where they wouldn’t normally win!
Democrats and Republicans
1892 - 1932
- Republican Dominance
- Bother Congress and the President was dominated by The Republican Party
-Great Depressions spells the demise
-Only because the Republican party was split, Woodrow Wilson won, he wasn’t even part of any major party! Woodrow Wilson also won Re-election due to the World War I lurking in the shadows!
Democrats and Republicans
1933-1980
-Democratic Dominance
- New Deal Politics, all the dramatic expansion of the national government.
1980- Present
- The South Turns Republicans
- Intense electoral competition.
Well, I’ll get the homework up soon enough! I’ll get that up by this weekend, so you guys can finish your assignments and then you can check for the answers here, just to make sure that you had the right answers!
1816-1828
- One party rule
- Jacksonian/van Buren v.s. Clay/Calhoun. Spells the demise.
(Era of good feelings)
Whigs vs. Democrats
1829-1860
- Era of very effective party convention
(1831, anti-masons, were the first to have a party convention)
- Conscience vs Cotton spells the demise of the Whigs.
(The Father of political parties – Martin Van Buren)
[Era of stump speeches and Bandwagons]
What was the motivation for the formation of the Whig party?
The general dislike of Andrew Jackson.
[Andrew Jackson was a soldier, became a general, and then became the first governor of Florida. He was considered a free spirit, he was unpredictable]
- The Whig party was formed to represent the capitalist class.
- 2 states claim to be the birth place of the Republican Party.
o Jackson Michigan, and Ripon Wisconsin
- Year 1854, was when the first Republican convention was helped.
- What were free soilers about? They thought that the government should give the land in the western territories to the people for free!
-1860 it’s a free for all for political parties. There are the North/South Democrats, there are the Republicans, the free soilers, etc.
Democrats vs Republicans
1861-1896
- Extreme partisan era
- Two parties alternate control of Congress
-Economic Panic in 1893 and Democratic Split between populists and Party elite spell their demise.
(Era of Carpet Baggers)
- Most of the Democrats were split at the time, so the Republicans of the north moved down South, and easily won elections down South where they wouldn’t normally win!
Democrats and Republicans
1892 - 1932
- Republican Dominance
- Bother Congress and the President was dominated by The Republican Party
-Great Depressions spells the demise
-Only because the Republican party was split, Woodrow Wilson won, he wasn’t even part of any major party! Woodrow Wilson also won Re-election due to the World War I lurking in the shadows!
Democrats and Republicans
1933-1980
-Democratic Dominance
- New Deal Politics, all the dramatic expansion of the national government.
1980- Present
- The South Turns Republicans
- Intense electoral competition.
Well, I’ll get the homework up soon enough! I’ll get that up by this weekend, so you guys can finish your assignments and then you can check for the answers here, just to make sure that you had the right answers!
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
HW Assignment # 3! Answers to come!
POS 3443 – Study Guide for Book Questions/Extra-Credit Homework Assignment
Exam 3 – spring 2008
MRH – Chapt. 1 (p. 13-25):
What have been the five “major” parties in American party history and what time span does each party cover?
What similarities do you see in the issue positions of the original Democratic and Republican parties and the issue positions of the parties today?
What “historic gift” did the Federalist Party give to American democracy?
What socio-political development helped to establish the “Golden Age” of political parties?
What are the two “main rules” of American politics? Explain.
MRH – Chapt. 6:
What sort of socialization functions do political parties in Europe perform that American political parties do not?
Are people more likely to alter their evaluations of prominent politicians or political parties?
Considering the seven-point Likert scale of party identification, which group is responsible for the resurgence in party identification?
Study figures 6.2 and 6.3. What patterns do you discern?
Briefly discuss two or three of the arguments that are put forth about the number of “Independents” in American politics.
MRH – Chapt. 7:
Some people have argued that the US began a sixth party system in 1981. What arguments can be used to either support or deny this claim? You can use data in Table 7.1 and Figure 7.1 to help you make your arguments. Is there a 7th party system? Again, what evidence is there to support your answer?
Briefly describe each of the five party systems in American history. Include in your discussion which was the dominant party in each party system and events associated with the change in the party system.
What is the difference between a “maintaining election” and a “deviating election?”
MRH – Chapt. 8:
In what decades was voting turnout in US elections the highest? What do you think might explain, in large part, the drop in voter turnout in 1920?
By what decade did all the American states drop property requirements; drop citizenship requirements?
If eliminated—what legal barrier to voting would create the greatest gains in voter turnout?
Simply list and briefly define “political” influences on voter turnout?
What intervening variables account for the difference in voter turnout between African Americans and Whites? What “racial” group had the lowest voter turnout in 2000?
Exam 3 – spring 2008
MRH – Chapt. 1 (p. 13-25):
What have been the five “major” parties in American party history and what time span does each party cover?
What similarities do you see in the issue positions of the original Democratic and Republican parties and the issue positions of the parties today?
What “historic gift” did the Federalist Party give to American democracy?
What socio-political development helped to establish the “Golden Age” of political parties?
What are the two “main rules” of American politics? Explain.
MRH – Chapt. 6:
What sort of socialization functions do political parties in Europe perform that American political parties do not?
Are people more likely to alter their evaluations of prominent politicians or political parties?
Considering the seven-point Likert scale of party identification, which group is responsible for the resurgence in party identification?
Study figures 6.2 and 6.3. What patterns do you discern?
Briefly discuss two or three of the arguments that are put forth about the number of “Independents” in American politics.
MRH – Chapt. 7:
Some people have argued that the US began a sixth party system in 1981. What arguments can be used to either support or deny this claim? You can use data in Table 7.1 and Figure 7.1 to help you make your arguments. Is there a 7th party system? Again, what evidence is there to support your answer?
Briefly describe each of the five party systems in American history. Include in your discussion which was the dominant party in each party system and events associated with the change in the party system.
What is the difference between a “maintaining election” and a “deviating election?”
MRH – Chapt. 8:
In what decades was voting turnout in US elections the highest? What do you think might explain, in large part, the drop in voter turnout in 1920?
By what decade did all the American states drop property requirements; drop citizenship requirements?
If eliminated—what legal barrier to voting would create the greatest gains in voter turnout?
Simply list and briefly define “political” influences on voter turnout?
What intervening variables account for the difference in voter turnout between African Americans and Whites? What “racial” group had the lowest voter turnout in 2000?
Monday, February 25, 2008
Chapter 1 Question 1, summary !
CHAPTER 1 (pg 13-25)
1.What Have been the five “Major” Parties in American Party history and what time span does each party cover?
1. The Federalist Party, 1788-1816.
2. The Democratic-Republican Party, 1800-1832.
3. The Democratic Party, 1832- Present
4. The Whig Party, 1832-1854.
5. The Republican Party, 1854-Present
[[Summary of each of the parties]]
1. Federalist—
-They were the champions of a strong national government, it was the first American political institution to resemble a political party.
- It wasn’t a full fledged party
- It was mostly strong in the North East and the Atlantic Seaboard.
- Attracted support of merchants, landowners, and established families of wealth and status.
- it fell because of the Democratic-Republican Party
2. The Democratic- Republican Party----
- The leaders were strong proponents of the Constitution
- opposed the extreme nationalism of the federalists.
- Party of the small farmers, workers, and less privileged
-People in this party favored authority of the states
- Like it’s leaders Thomas Jefferson, had many ideals of the French revolution.
- They favor , Direct popular self- government.
3. Democratic Party-
- They grew out of the Jacksonian wing of the Democratic-Republican Party!
- Popular Party in the United States.
- It opposes business-friendly policies as national banking and high tariffs
- Welcomed new immigrants and opposed nativist sentiment.
4. The Whip Party-
- This party had roots in the old Jeffersonian party.
- Henry Clay and Daniel Webster stood for legislative supremacy and protested the strong presidency of Andrew Jackson.
- Had a short life
- had man interests , nativism, property, and business and commerce.
5. The Republican Party-
- Born as the Civil War Approached
- Opposed slavery
- Party of the Union
- It inherited the concern for business from the Whigs!
1.What Have been the five “Major” Parties in American Party history and what time span does each party cover?
1. The Federalist Party, 1788-1816.
2. The Democratic-Republican Party, 1800-1832.
3. The Democratic Party, 1832- Present
4. The Whig Party, 1832-1854.
5. The Republican Party, 1854-Present
[[Summary of each of the parties]]
1. Federalist—
-They were the champions of a strong national government, it was the first American political institution to resemble a political party.
- It wasn’t a full fledged party
- It was mostly strong in the North East and the Atlantic Seaboard.
- Attracted support of merchants, landowners, and established families of wealth and status.
- it fell because of the Democratic-Republican Party
2. The Democratic- Republican Party----
- The leaders were strong proponents of the Constitution
- opposed the extreme nationalism of the federalists.
- Party of the small farmers, workers, and less privileged
-People in this party favored authority of the states
- Like it’s leaders Thomas Jefferson, had many ideals of the French revolution.
- They favor , Direct popular self- government.
3. Democratic Party-
- They grew out of the Jacksonian wing of the Democratic-Republican Party!
- Popular Party in the United States.
- It opposes business-friendly policies as national banking and high tariffs
- Welcomed new immigrants and opposed nativist sentiment.
4. The Whip Party-
- This party had roots in the old Jeffersonian party.
- Henry Clay and Daniel Webster stood for legislative supremacy and protested the strong presidency of Andrew Jackson.
- Had a short life
- had man interests , nativism, property, and business and commerce.
5. The Republican Party-
- Born as the Civil War Approached
- Opposed slavery
- Party of the Union
- It inherited the concern for business from the Whigs!
Notes FROM MONDAY'S Class FEB 25, 2008!
Federalists vs. Jeffersonians Differences
[ F = Federalists, J = Jeffersonians]
- North East [F] vs the South [J]
- Commercial [F] vs Agriculture [J]
-Higher Taxes [F] vs Low taxes [J]
-Assumption [F] vs No Assumption [J]
-Nationalism [F] vs Localism [J]
-England [F] vs France [J]
[ During the writing of the Constitution, Jefferson wasn’t even in the country, he was actually in France as the Ambassador under the Articles of Confederation]
[ There were a lot of debates on the time frame of when the Democratic party truly formed. In 1844,
Others say that the party formed when the DNC formed in 1848]
- The first 5 presidents of the United States were from Virginia ( This was a little tidbit that he mentioned)
-King Caucus= The ways the Presidential candidates were picked. They were picked from the legislature!
- 6 Presidents were Masons!
- NY state was a very populous state, that was quite unpredictable, just like Florida is nowadays!
- Hamilton is from NY
- The Father of Political parties in the electorate was Martin Van Buren from NY State. He wins NY for Andrew Jackson. By organizing people to go out and vote! [ He made a big note of this, saying that this might be a great test question]
So the main jist of today’s lesson was to compare the differences between the Federalists, and the Jeffersonians. He mentioned that they were pretty much the first two political parties in America.
Hope that the notes helped, just in case you missed class, Now if you need help or have any questions about class, just leave a comment and I’ll try to answer it and/ or find the answers for you! Remember this has been created to help me study, and help you all out at the same time!
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